Photon Energy Calculator

10000) { return value.toExponential(precision); } else { return Number(value).toLocaleString('en-US', { minimumFractionDigits: precision, maximumFractionDigits: precision }); } } function getWavelengthType(wavelengthInM) { if (wavelengthInM > 1e-3) return 'Radio'; if (wavelengthInM > 1e-4) return 'Microwave'; if (wavelengthInM > 7e-7) return 'Infrared'; if (wavelengthInM > 4e-7) return 'Visible Light'; if (wavelengthInM > 1e-8) return 'Ultraviolet'; if (wavelengthInM > 1e-11) return 'X-ray'; return 'Gamma Ray'; } function getVisibleLightColor(wavelengthInM) { const wavelengthInNm = wavelengthInM * 1e9; if (wavelengthInNm < 380 || wavelengthInNm > 750) return null; if (wavelengthInNm < 450) return 'Violet'; if (wavelengthInNm < 495) return 'Blue'; if (wavelengthInNm < 570) return 'Green'; if (wavelengthInNm < 590) return 'Yellow'; if (wavelengthInNm < 620) return 'Orange'; return 'Red'; } function getSpectrumPosition(wavelengthInM) { // Map wavelength logarithmically to position in spectrum // Gamma rays: 1e-12 m, Radio waves: 1e-1 m (scale limit for visualization) const minExp = -12; // 10^-12 m const maxExp = -1; // 10^-1 m const logWavelength = Math.log10(wavelengthInM); const position = ((logWavelength - minExp) / (maxExp - minExp)) * 100; return Math.max(0, Math.min(100, position)); // Clamp between 0 and 100 } function getEnergyApplications(energyInEV) { if (energyInEV < 1e-6) return 'Too low energy for most practical applications.'; if (energyInEV < 0.001) return 'Radio waves: telecommunications, radio broadcasting.'; if (energyInEV < 0.01) return 'Microwaves: telecommunications, radar, cooking.'; if (energyInEV < 1.8) return 'Infrared radiation: thermal imaging, heating, remote controls.'; if (energyInEV < 3.1) return 'Visible light: vision, photography, photosynthesis.'; if (energyInEV < 12) return 'Ultraviolet radiation: sterilization, fluorescence, vitamin D synthesis.'; if (energyInEV < 1000) return 'X-rays: medical imaging, crystallography, material analysis.'; return 'Gamma rays: nuclear medicine, sterilization, astrophysical processes.'; } function getPhysicalInterpretation(result) { const wavelengthInM = result.wavelengthInM; const energyInEV = result.displayEnergy; const wavelengthInNm = wavelengthInM * 1e9; const type = getWavelengthType(wavelengthInM); const color = getVisibleLightColor(wavelengthInM); const applications = getEnergyApplications(energyInEV); let interpretation = `

This photon has an energy of ${formatNumber(energyInEV)} eV and falls in the ${type} region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

`; if (color) { interpretation += `

With a wavelength of ${formatNumber(wavelengthInNm)} nm, this corresponds to ${color} light in the visible spectrum.

`; } interpretation += `

Applications: ${applications}

`; if (energyInEV > 0 && energyInEV < 4.0) { interpretation += `

This energy is within the range of typical molecular electronic transitions and chemical bond energies.

`; } else if (energyInEV >= 4.0 && energyInEV < 15.0) { interpretation += `

This energy is sufficient to ionize many atoms and molecules.

`; } else if (energyInEV >= 15.0) { interpretation += `

This is high-energy radiation that can cause significant ionization and potentially break chemical bonds.

`; } return interpretation; } // ======================== // UI & Display Functions // ======================== function updateInputMethodDisplay() { const selectedMethod = document.querySelector('input[name="input-method"]:checked').value; wavelengthInputs.classList.add('hidden'); frequencyInputs.classList.add('hidden'); wavenumberInputs.classList.add('hidden'); energyInputs.classList.add('hidden'); switch (selectedMethod) { case 'wavelength': wavelengthInputs.classList.remove('hidden'); updateFormulas('wavelength'); break; case 'frequency': frequencyInputs.classList.remove('hidden'); updateFormulas('frequency'); break; case 'wavenumber': wavenumberInputs.classList.remove('hidden'); updateFormulas('wavenumber'); break; case 'energy': energyInputs.classList.remove('hidden'); updateFormulas('energy'); break; } } function updateFormulas(method) { switch(method) { case 'wavelength': formulaTitle.textContent = 'Photon Energy from Wavelength'; formulaEquation.textContent = 'E = hc/λ'; formulaExplanation.textContent = 'The energy of a photon is Planck\'s constant (h) times the speed of light (c) divided by the wavelength (λ).'; break; case 'frequency': formulaTitle.textContent = 'Photon Energy from Frequency'; formulaEquation.textContent = 'E = hν'; formulaExplanation.textContent = 'The energy of a photon is Planck\'s constant (h) times the frequency (ν).'; break; case 'wavenumber': formulaTitle.textContent = 'Photon Energy from Wavenumber'; formulaEquation.textContent = 'E = hcṽ'; formulaExplanation.textContent = 'The energy of a photon is Planck\'s constant (h) times the speed of light (c) times the wavenumber (ṽ).'; break; case 'energy': formulaTitle.textContent = 'Photon Wavelength and Frequency from Energy'; formulaEquation.textContent = 'λ = hc/E, ν = E/h'; formulaExplanation.textContent = 'From the photon energy, we can calculate its wavelength and frequency using these relationships.'; break; } } function validateInputs() { const selectedMethod = document.querySelector('input[name="input-method"]:checked').value; let isValid = true; let errorMessage = ''; function validateNumeric(input, name, minValue = 0) { if (input.value === '' || isNaN(parseFloat(input.value)) || parseFloat(input.value) <= minValue) { isValid = false; errorMessage = `${name} must be a positive number greater than ${minValue}.`; return false; } return true; } switch (selectedMethod) { case 'wavelength': if (!validateNumeric(photonWavelength, 'Wavelength', 0)) return false; break; case 'frequency': if (!validateNumeric(photonFrequency, 'Frequency', 0)) return false; break; case 'wavenumber': if (!validateNumeric(photonWavenumber, 'Wavenumber', 0)) return false; break; case 'energy': if (!validateNumeric(photonEnergyValue, 'Energy', 0)) return false; break; } if (!isValid) alert(errorMessage); return isValid; } function displayResults(result) { if (!result) return; // Format and display results const precision = parseInt(decimalPlaces.value, 10); const useScientific = scientificNotation.checked; // Display energy in different units resultEnergy.textContent = formatNumber(convertEnergy(result.energyInJoules, 'eV')); resultUnitEnergy.textContent = 'eV'; // Display wavelength in nm const wavelengthInNm = result.wavelengthInM * 1e9; resultWavelength.textContent = formatNumber(wavelengthInNm); resultUnitWavelength.textContent = 'nm'; // Display frequency in THz const frequencyInTHz = result.frequencyInHz / 1e12; resultFrequency.textContent = formatNumber(frequencyInTHz); resultUnitFrequency.textContent = 'THz'; // Display wavenumber in cm^-1 const wavenumberInCm = result.wavenumberInM / 100; resultWavenumber.textContent = formatNumber(wavenumberInCm); resultUnitWavenumber.textContent = 'cm⁻¹'; // Update spectrum visualization if (showSpectrum.checked) { spectrumVisualization.classList.remove('hidden'); const position = getSpectrumPosition(result.wavelengthInM); spectrumIndicator.style.left = `${position}%`; } else { spectrumVisualization.classList.add('hidden'); } // Display calculation steps if (showSteps.checked) { calculationSteps.classList.remove('hidden'); stepsContent.innerHTML = result.steps.map(step => `

${step}

`).join(''); } else { calculationSteps.classList.add('hidden'); } // Display physical interpretation physicalMeaning.innerHTML = getPhysicalInterpretation(result); // Show results container resultContainer.classList.remove('hidden'); resultContainer.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'start' }); } function resetCalculator() { // Reset input values to defaults photonWavelength.value = '550'; photonFrequency.value = '500'; photonWavenumber.value = '18000'; photonEnergyValue.value = '2.25'; // Reset dropdowns wavelengthUnit.value = 'nm'; frequencyUnit.value = 'THz'; wavenumberUnit.value = 'cm-1'; energyUnit.value = 'eV'; decimalPlaces.value = '4'; // Reset checkboxes scientificNotation.checked = false; showSteps.checked = true; showSpectrum.checked = true; // Reset selected method document.getElementById('input-wavelength').checked = true; // Hide results resultContainer.classList.add('hidden'); // Update display updateInputMethodDisplay(); // Scroll back to top window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); } // ======================== // Event Listeners // ======================== document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { // Input method containers wavelengthInputs = document.querySelector('.wavelength-inputs'); frequencyInputs = document.querySelector('.frequency-inputs'); wavenumberInputs = document.querySelector('.wavenumber-inputs'); energyInputs = document.querySelector('.energy-inputs'); // Input elements photonWavelength = document.getElementById('photon-wavelength'); wavelengthUnit = document.getElementById('wavelength-unit'); photonFrequency = document.getElementById('photon-frequency'); frequencyUnit = document.getElementById('frequency-unit'); photonWavenumber = document.getElementById('photon-wavenumber'); wavenumberUnit = document.getElementById('wavenumber-unit'); photonEnergyValue = document.getElementById('photon-energy-value'); energyUnit = document.getElementById('energy-unit'); // Options decimalPlaces = document.getElementById('decimal-places'); scientificNotation = document.getElementById('scientific-notation'); showSteps = document.getElementById('show-steps'); showSpectrum = document.getElementById('show-spectrum'); // Results containers resultContainer = document.getElementById('result-container'); resultEnergy = document.getElementById('result-energy'); resultWavelength = document.getElementById('result-wavelength'); resultFrequency = document.getElementById('result-frequency'); resultWavenumber = document.getElementById('result-wavenumber'); resultUnitEnergy = document.getElementById('result-unit-energy'); resultUnitWavelength = document.getElementById('result-unit-wavelength'); resultUnitFrequency = document.getElementById('result-unit-frequency'); resultUnitWavenumber = document.getElementById('result-unit-wavenumber'); // Visualization elements spectrumVisualization = document.getElementById('spectrum-visualization'); spectrumIndicator = document.getElementById('spectrum-indicator'); // Steps and explanation elements calculationSteps = document.getElementById('calculation-steps'); stepsContent = document.getElementById('steps-content'); physicalMeaning = document.getElementById('physical-meaning'); // Formula elements formulaTitle = document.getElementById('formula-title'); formulaEquation = document.getElementById('formula-equation'); formulaExplanation = document.getElementById('formula-explanation'); // Buttons calculateBtn = document.getElementById('calculate-btn'); resetBtn = document.getElementById('reset-btn'); // Add event listeners for UI updates document.querySelectorAll('input[name="input-method"]').forEach(radio => { radio.addEventListener('change', updateInputMethodDisplay); }); // Add event listeners for calculation calculateBtn.addEventListener('click', function() { if (validateInputs()) { const result = calculatePhotonEnergy(); displayResults(result); } }); resetBtn.addEventListener('click', resetCalculator); // Initialize display updateInputMethodDisplay(); });